Word: pump
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Kamen is the founder of DEKA Research of Manchester, N.H. and has won numerous prizes and awards for his mechanical contributions to medical science. He invented the portable insulin pump and a wheelchair that can negotiate stairs, sand and gravel...
...Tetracycline, which kills bacteria by disabling a cellular structure known as the ribosome, is the target of one such effort. Bacteria become resistant to tetracycline, observes Tufts University microbiologist Dr. Stuart Levy, by deploying one protein that serves to shield the ribosome and another that acts as a molecular pump, forcibly ejecting the antibiotic from the cell. Those insights have spawned a line of tetracycline analogs, against which neither the shield nor the pump is effective. Boston-based Paratek, the company Levy helped found, is working with GlaxoSmithKline to develop these analogs into drugs...
...work inside cells that have already been infected. "Working outside the cell gives them in theory a major advantage, says Dr. David Ho, director of the Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center in New York City, "because cell membranes can present barriers to some drugs, and some have molecules that pump out drugs that manage to get inside." This suggests that the new drugs might be effective at lower doses, making fusion inhibitors safer for the patient in the long run. Trimeris' studies support this; so far, neither of its compounds seems to cause any of the serious toxic side effects...
There's more to heart disease, of course, than heart attacks. More and more Americans are developing a condition called congestive heart failure, in which the cardiac muscle becomes weakened and can no longer pump blood efficiently. Investigators are currently studying a group of specialized hormones that are released whenever the heart muscle falters. Some of these hormones help restore the heart's vigor while others, paradoxically, make the muscle stiffer and more difficult to contract. The goal is to figure out a way to boost the levels of the beneficial hormones while lowering those that make the weakened heart...
...they kept Harvard Apparatus or Harvard Pump Company or Harvard Equipment Company, that...does not confuse the public," said Joel R. Leeman, an attorney working for the University. "But once it switches to Harvard Bioscience, it sounds like an arm of Harvard University...