Word: punisher
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...notion that imprisonment corrects criminals is a surprisingly recent idea. Before the 18th century, prisons were mainly used not to punish but to detain the accused or hostages-the debtor until he paid, for example. To combat crime, Europeans castrated rapists, cut off thieves' hands, tore out perjurers' tongues. England boasted 200 hanging offenses. When crime still flourished, reformers argued that overkill punishment is no deterrent. In 1786, the Philadelphia Quakers established incarceration as a humane alternative. Seeking penitence (source of "penitentiary"), the Quakers locked convicts in solitary cells until death or release. So many died or went...
Pike also called for a reconvening of the Nuremberg trials to punish U.S. war crimes in Vietnam. Claiming that he wasn't a pacifist, he did not condemn Viet Cong terrorism. "Freedom fighters have to be rough," he said...
...chief factor in the initiation of fatal crashes, this constant emphasis on the culpability of drivers probably has the effect of lessening anxiety about the driving task: if accidents are the fault of drivers, then the individual has some control over his future. The gods of the highway punish only those who behave badly. It is also possible to speculate that this focus of attention on the responsibility of those who purchase and operate motor vehicles has had the further utility of distracting attention from the responsibilities of those who manufacture and sell them. In any event, the traffic safety...
...deserve the largest part of the blame. The ABA readily acknowledges this and the committee's recommendations aim primarily at these groups. If local bars adopt the ABA guidelines (as now seems likely) they can expel lawyers who violate them. And the ABA also recommended that police and courts punish law enforcement or judicial officers who violate ABA's proposed restrictions...
ASKING the University to specify how it will punish various forms of demonstration this Friday is asking the Administration to settle on a harsher, less flexible treatment of potential demonstrators than it intends. Those contemplating a violation of the Dow recruiter's civil liberties want to know just how much they are putting on the line by breaking the law. The legal analogy is a dubious one for the relationship between students and administrators; but even if it applies, the University, like a judge, should not be forced to pass sentence before it knows the details of the specific case...