Word: punishment
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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...trying to eliminate loopholes in states' minimum-age laws that make it easy for minors to buy and drink booze. For example, 35 states allow minors to possess alcohol under certain circumstances -- with parental consent, for instance, or in private residences. And 19 states have no laws that would punish teens for using false IDs to purchase alcohol...
What the bloody massacre in Beijing's Tiananmen Square failed to provoke may now come to pass because of an argument about . . . Mickey Mouse. Though the Bush Administration declined to punish China for the 1989 crackdown, it announced plans last week to unleash retaliatory tariffs worth up to $1.5 billion on Chinese exports. The reason: disregard by the Chinese for U.S. patents and copyrights covering books, audio and video recordings, computer software and such quintessentially American creations as Walt Disney's favorite rodent. The Chinese rarely pay for the use of such "intellectual property," resulting in serious losses...
...Japanese. ENEMY DEVILS STRAFE SCHOOL YARD, cried a headline in the Asahi Shimbun, which excoriated the "inhuman, insatiable, indiscriminate bombing." Several of the eight captured airmen were tortured to tell where they had come from, and three were executed by firing squad. Worse, the Japanese army tried to punish all Chinese who might have helped the downed pilots, and the slaughter in Chekiang and Kiangsu provinces took a toll estimated at more than 200,000. As often happened in this hate-filled era, each side angrily denounced the other's actions as atrocities...
...failure of Yale and City College to punish these violations implies an indefensible double standard: The perpetrator doesn't have to face the consequences of his actions if they were ideologically motivated. The principle underlying this stance is that such actions are the natural extension of one's opinions, and to punish the former is to discriminate against the latter...
EXAMINATION of this reasoning shows how far we have gotten away from the original ideal of the university as a truth-seeking community rather than simply a collection of truth-seeking individuals. From the point of view of the isolated individual, it may seem inconsistent to punish his "self-expression" depending on the form it takes: Aren't both actions and words equally authentic expressions of his viewpoint, which must not be suppressed...