Word: punjab
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Dates: during 1940-1949
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Both Britain and India wanted a decision. The Raj lifted the ban on Mohandas Gandhi's All-India National Congress, restored its funds, was about to free its members still in jail. The Moslem League's president, shrewd, suave Mohamed Ali Jinnah, was already campaigning in the Punjab, heart of the hypothetical Pakistan state. The Congress Party prepared its biggest campaign. Jawaharlal Nehru (see BOOKS) and other leaders would make a platform tour that would take in towns and villages in all the voting provinces...
Father Motilal, an intelligent, fiery-tempered man who knew what he wanted and usually got it, did not at first share his son's devotion to Gandhi and the doctrine of non-violent resistance. But on April 13, 1919, following a series of disturbances in the Punjab, British Brigadier General R. E. H. Dyer threw a detachment of soldiers around a forbidden public meeting in an enclosed square, and ordered his men to fire until their ammunition was exhausted. Result: 379 Indians killed. 1,200 wounded. That massacre (at Jalliamvala Bagh) changed Father's mind...
...background hovered the little man in the dhoti, Mohandas K. Gandhi, freed over a year ago. He was not participating in the conference, but his influence permeated it. Also present were the Moslem League's dapper, fractious President Mohamed Ali Jinnah, the Sikh leader Tara Singh, the Punjab's nonLeague Moslem Premier Malik Khizar Hayat Khan Tiwana. But the man on whom, more than on any other, the future of 400 million Indians depended at this climax of 200 years of British rule, was the short, thickset, smiling, one-eyed, taciturn Englishman at the head of the conference...
Mohamed Ali Jinnah, president of the Moslem League, wore an English-style hat, a smartly-cut lounge suit. Malik Khizar Hayat Khan Tiwana, Premier of the Punjab and spearhead of India's war effort, was dashing in a snow-white, plumed turban. Tara Singh, leader of the warlike Sikhs, was resplendent in a bright blue turban. He carried a kirpan (carved Sikh sword...
...government from the names submitted by both parties. If both parties disagreed with his choices, they might refuse to participate in the new government. If the League preferred to stay out, the Viceroy might form a new government anyhow, naming as Moslem ministers such nonLeague Moslems as the Punjab's Premier Malik Khizar Hayat Khan Tiwana...