Word: punjabis
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Dates: during 1940-1949
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...complex as India's linguistic makeup. Its solution was basic to the building of a modern cohesive state out of disparate parts. The nation of Gandhi and Nehru has no majority tongue. Some 41% of its people speak Hindi. Another 14% speak Marathi, Gujarati, Kashmiri and Punjabi-all closely related to Hindi. Some 32% speak Telugu, Tamil, Bengali, Oriya, Malayalam, Kannada and Assamese. The remaining 13% speak miscellaneous dialects...
...trunk highway between Amritsar and Lahore on the Pakistan side of the border, armed Baluchi troops, all certified Moslems from the frontier territory of Baluchistan, called a loud halt to travelers trying to go through the border. A mile down the road, at Atari, armed Dogras, who are a Punjabi Hindu tribe, searched and checked all Pakistan-bound vehicles. The mile between the two posts was no man's land. On the Pakistan side, just behind an improvised guardhouse, a bulldozer was digging graves for Moslem bodies which arrived from the India side of the frontier...
Returning Punjabi soldiers last year had turned in hate against the moneylenders, merchants and all their coreligionists. In Bengal it had been the same. While 1½ million died of famine, landowners and food dealers, Moslem and Hindu alike, had reaped profits of 1½ billion rupees. "Every death in the famine," estimated the Woodhead Famine Enquiry Commission two years ago, "was balanced by roughly a thousand rupees of excess profit." The economic grievance of peasants against landlords and profiteers became a religious fight...
...stooge in the Punjab Province coalition government, Bhim Sen Sachar, abruptly ordered suppression of the League's "National Guard," arrested several prominent Punjab Moslem leaders. Moderate Punjabi Prime Minister Malik Khizar Hayat Khan Tiwana tried to remedy the damage, but the Moslems delightedly courted further arrest. Jinnah screamed "uncalled-for aggression," declared that the League could never join Hindus in a unified Assembly, asked Britain to dissolve the body. The Chamber of Indian Princes also slapped at the Congress Party, indicating that Moslem members might join with Jinnah in opposing Indian unification. The princes were sore at what...
...Moslem nation will strike swiftly before [a Hindu] government can be set up in this country. . . . The Moslems will have no alternative but to take out their swords." Said Sirdar Shaukat Hyat Khan of the Punjab (which furnishes more than half the troops of the Indian regular army): "The Punjabi Moslems . . . will fight for you unto the death...