Word: pupil
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Dates: during 1880-1889
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...offices have been differentiated by the gymnasium and the university: but, in the latter, in recent times, there is a manifest return to old-fashioned tutorial methods in the institutions of the so-called Seminar, where professor and student are once more brought to gather as master and pupil. Harvard College has never departed altogether from the scholastic system upon which the institution was founded. In the maintenance of the classics, the lecture-system, tutors, examinations and recitations, as well as of religious exercises, and of moral restraints, this university has held fast things that are good. Here...
...graduate after they had certified to the candidate's fitness by public and private (oral, of course) examination. The masters were actuated partly by the desire to keep out unqualified aspirants, but in the greatest measure because of the reduction of their income, which depended on the fees each pupil paid to his master...
...when he is put at technical applications of arithmetic, to money coins, to divisions of time, space, etc.; and these technical applications are increased in number and in difficulty through the successive years of the grammar school, until for a large amount of so-called arithmetic the pupil gets comparatively little practice in the art of numbers. I am far from saying that the pupils of our public schools should not acquire a certain amount of useful information. The most familiar "tables" of lengths, weights, measures and coins may properly be given them, and they may advantageously be practiced...
Apoplexy must be distinguished from drunkenness by the dilated pupil of one eye, and the paralysed state of one side of the body, while the other is all right...
...great fault in our schools lies in the teachers frequently taking for granted that a pupil has a satisfactory knowledge of a subject of which in truth he knows only the first rudiments. The teacher does not feel sufficiently called upon to become acquainted with the exact state of his pupil's knowledge. So it comes about that or promotion into a higher class, a boy is allowed to give up entirely some branch of study which is strictly relegated to the "elementary" departments. A study which suffers more than any other from this absurd neglect is geography. Because "reading...