Word: pylorus
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...reason-physical or emotional -the stomach cells churn out digestive juices when there is no food for them to work on, they may start digesting a spot on the wall of the stomach itself. The result is a gastric ulcer. More often, the corrosive juices empty through the pylorus into the duodenum, the second chamber in man's digestive tract, and start eating through part of that. Though duodenal ulcers never lead to cancer, some types of stomach ulcers are associated with cancer...
...gaited fashion, with surgeons periodically going back to and modifying old techniques. Physicians realized in the 1880s that man can get along, after a fashion, with only a remnant of his stomach. German-born Surgeon Theodor Billroth then decided it was possible to cut out the lower stomach and pylorus and join what was left of the stomach to the duodenum (see top diagram). After this "subtotal gastrectomy," or "Billroth I," came a still more daring invention, "hemigastrectomy," or "Billroth II": cutting out about half of the stomach and hitching up what was left to the small bowel, leaving...
Something Better. If the surgeons' arguments are not ended, neither are their ingenious efforts to find better ulcer treatments. Dr. Weinberg is still improving his own technique; he now uses only a single row of stitches to close the slit in the pylorus, reducing the risk of a later shutdown. Other surgeons are combining the Weinberg method with the tying-off of blood vessels, especially for bleeding ulcers. Minnesota's Surgeon Owen H. Wangensteen is trying to make fellow surgeons abandon the knife for nearly all ulcer patients and freeze the stomach instead, a procedure that is hotly...