Word: quadragesima
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Dates: during 1940-1949
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...Pope Pius XI said explicitly in his encyclical, Quadragesima Anno: "Just as the unity of human society cannot be founded on an opposition of classes, so also the right ordering of economic life cannot be left to a free competition of forces. For from this source, as from a poisoned spring, have originated and spread all the errors of individualistic economic teaching. . . . Free competition . . . clearly cannot direct economic life...
Salazar began immediately to construct his Estado Novo. He announced that the New State would be based on two great calls for social reform-the Rerum Novarum of Pope Leo XIII and the Quadragesima Anno of Pius XI (see RELIGION). But however lofty may have been his inspiration, Salazar's execution was on a quite different pattern, one already known and hated as Fascism: free thought was abolished, the individual became subordinated to the state, the human bill of rights was suppressed and the secret police became the main arm of government. Soon little boys, well-shod and sporting...
...Church's great human hope is embodied in a series of papal encyclicals of which the two most fundamental are Rerum Novarum (May 15, 1891) and Quadragesima Anno (May 15, 1931). Not long after Eugenio Pacelli was born, Leo XIII looked beyond the Vatican and saw European civilization sick in body from social septicemia and sick at heart from the standing threat of war. In Rerum Novarum Leo put a fearless finger on the morbid core of Europe's social sickness. He attacked the misery of Europe's impoverished masses and those responsible for their condition...
Forty years later (the Church moves deliberately under the aspect of eternity) Pius XI affirmed his predecessor's policy in the encyclical Quadragesima Anno. He pointed to the growing danger of "atheistic Communism" and Socialism. He also criticized capitalism for its religious and human indifference to the conditions of the workers and for the way in which more & more power was concentrated in the hands of fewer & fewer capitalists. Liberalism† the Pope called "the father of Socialism" and declared that its "heir" is Bolshevism; for, like Communists, most Catholics regard liberals as people who would be Communists...
...N.C.W.C.'s administrative board, which represents the whole American hierarchy, roundly stated: "The first claim of labor, which takes priority over any claim of the owners to profits, respects the rights to a living wage." Pius XI's admonition on the social apostolate to workers in Quadragesima Anno-"All candidates for the sacred priesthood must be adequately prepared to meet it by intense study of social matters"-is also being heeded. Practically every Catholic seminary now provides courses in economics and sociology...