Word: quarte
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Best general references: Quar. Jour. of Econ. Jan. '88 p. 184-185; Jan. '89 p. 177 et. seq.; Jan. '90, p. 158-171: Pol. Sci. Quart. Sep. '87, p. 374 et. seq.: Hadley, Ry. Transportation pp. 74-76, 91-97, 143-145; Interstate Commerce Commission Reports I: 307-312; II: 434 et. seq.; III: 394 et. seq.; IV: 351-358: Senate Reports 1st sess. 49th Cong. 1885-86, III part...
...Pooling is beneficial to the public.- (a) It tends to the stability and uniformity of rates: Quart. Jour. Econ. IV: 159, Jan. 1890.- (1) All railroad transactions are made public, thus eliminating (a) rebates, (b) rate-cutting, (c) discrimination, (d) underweighing, etc., all of which evils can only be practiced in secret.- (b) It tends to lower rates.- (1) Rates were lower in 1884 under pooling system than ever before, except during rate wars: N. Y. Ry. Commission Report of 1884, I: 77.- (c) It checks consolidation and monopoly.- (1) The powerful companies cannot, by cutting rates, ruin, and then...
...hands of a few: Nation, vol. 48, p. 108. - (b) Individual enterprise discouraged: Nation, vol. 45, p. 61. (1) Small capitalists driven out. - (2) Independent producers made dependant. - (3) Tyrany of trusts over dependants. - (c) Irresponsibility. - (d) Unscrupulous use of power. (1) Standard Oil Co. - (e) Interference in politics: Quart...
...Prohibition is desirable. - (a) Other methods are insufficient. - (1) Mere government regulation inadequate: Quart...
...practical. - (a) It has been successful as far as applied in England: Forum XII, 762. - (b) Its principles have long been in use in Germany: Quart. Jour. Econ. V, 6-22. - (c) It is the cheapest method of caring for vagrants: Forum XVII...