Word: quartz
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Dates: during 1930-1939
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Professor George W. Pierce has been one of the pioneers in the work on quartz-oscillators and magnetostriction rods which makes possible these measurements of frequency. His work has been with mechanical and electrical oscillations and their combined effect upon electric circuits. Apparatus containing these developments is used as the basis of frequency measurements in all modern radio broadcasting applications...
...fifty years there has been knowledge of the electrical effect due to mechanical operation on quartz. In the 1890's, the Curie family worked on this problem. Here and abroad during the War, work on vibration of quartz plates by electrical means was carried on. They were used for depth finding by high frequency of sound reflected from the ocean bottom. Quartz vibrators were used for production and reception. Professor Pierce, and others, also found at this time that the quartz crystal was useful in stabilizing electrical oscillations...
...usually an alloy of nickel and steel, used, experimentally, as a source of air waves, similar to sound waves, but above audible limit, especially in the range: 30,000 to 50,000 cycles. Such waves can be focused, confined to narrow beams like those from a searchlight. Both the quartz crystal and magnetostriction rod are being worked on for communication purposes, and are also used to study the elastic properties of materials...
...taking motion pictures through a quartz window in a gasoline motor's combustion chamber and by registering the 1 pressure changes, Lloyd Withrow and T. A. Boyd of General Motors were able to tell the American Chemical Society at Indianapolis last week exactly why motors knock. Quality of gasoline is the cause. With good fuel a pencil of flame darts from the spark plug and ignites all the charge progressively. This occurs in 1/250 sec. With knocking gasoline, the instant the spark starts ignition, the first burned fuel creates sufficient heat and pressure to ignite all the remaining fuel...
...synthetic product he called hematine. Or ganic chemists are now experimenting with the substance, using it upon animals to de termine how doctors may employ it to cure human disease. Sir Chandrasekhara Ven kata Raman discovered in 1928 that when monochromatic light shines on a trans parent substance like quartz, chloroform, water, the wavelength of some of the scattered light is changed. Thus what was originally a pure yellow may con tain green, blue. This is now known as the Raman effect, has been used as a proof of the new quantum theory of light...