Word: quartz
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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Mysterious Silence. Despite the storm, readings taken by Mariner's infrared spectrometer enabled JPL investigators to identify several earthlike minerals in the Martian crust, including quartz, granite and anorthocite. Those findings caused considerable excitement among the scientists. They indicated that Mars had at one point in its history undergone melting and that lighter elements had floated to the surface, later hardening into an earthlike crust. Included among the lighter elements are carbon compounds that were necessary for the development of life on earth. Said NASA Exobiologist Jerry Soffen, who is project scientist for the Viking program that will make...
Since then, the thermoluminescence test has confirmed the suspicions. It is based upon the fact that most clay, as well as most soil, contains minute amounts of radioactive elements. Radioactive emissions strike electrons in quartz crystals in the clay. These electrons are boosted to a higher energy level, at which they remain trapped. As time passes from the date that the pot was fired, the number of excited electrons rises...
...Chandrasekhara V. Raman, 82, Indian physicist who won the 1930 Nobel Prize for his work on the diffusion of light; in Bangalore, India. Professor at the University of Calcutta, Raman discovered in the late 1920s that when a beam of monochromatic light shines through a transparent substance like quartz or water, the wave length, and thus the color, of some of the scattered rays is changed. The Raman effect, as it was called, became useful in determining fine molecular structure...
French industry is beginning to agree In a recent test for an electronics manufacturer, the furnace fused several tons of bauxite and ceramics to produce high-voltage insulators of unmatched purity The oven could easily fuse other highly heat-resistant materials: quartz crystals for radio transmitters, corundum for industrial grinding stones and zircon parts for nuclear reactors. It could also be used in experiments to develop new space-age alloys, such as special tungsten or cobalt steels, and even materials to withstand the searing heat of a nuclear blast...