Word: quota
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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Challenge. As a first step, the President scrapped the 14-year-old oil quota system, which sets periodic limits and tariffs on oil imports. That system had worked when the U.S. produced more oil than it consumed; its purpose was to protect the high-cost domestic industry from low-cost foreign imports. But since 1970, when the nation's growing energy needs turned it into a net oil importer (the U.S. currently is importing an estimated 6,000,000 bbl. per day), the quota system has proved to be unwieldy, inflexible and a hindrance to oil-industry planners...
...quota system now in use was developed in 1969 by a committee headed by Zeph Stewart, Master of Lowell House. Stewart said yesterday that according to the formula, quotas are based on the ideal number of students a suite will hold--one to a bedroom. The excess population is assigned to equalize the proportion of overcrowded suites...
Before graduation the chapter's incumbent members elect the largest group of all, usually filling out the ten per cent quota, or approximately 116 members annually. This final group comes from the top 200 members of the class, those graduating magna cum laude and others with special departmental recommendations...
Should Harvard have a representative character? Yest, it is an entry point to important positions, many with important political characteristic. Harvard should try to have people from different parts of the country, from different ethnic and racial groups. But it should also avoid ethnic and group quotas because of their divisiveness and their inevitable injustice to individuals. Very often one can find a legitimate basis for broadening a pool of applicants by introducing criteria that one knows will reach lightly represented groups--geographical area distribution favoring applicants from low-income groups, or from poor parts of large cities, or from...
...quotas never justified? Only where we have a conspiracy, explicit or implicit, to discriminate. We had this in the case of blacks attempting to vote and register in the South; we have undoubtedly had it in many situations of employment and admission. One can detect the presence of such a conspiracy when minority candidates are asked outlandish questions, when different standards are applied to minorities and non-minorities. In such circumstances a court is justified in imposing a quota, and a legislature may give authorities power to impose one. Sometimes resistance to discrimination takes so many forms that only rigid...