Word: quota
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...Okies of the 30's were absorbed back into the cities when the labor market expanded during World War II. The Filipinos were not so lucky. One Filipino man told me that they came with a quota of 2 per cent women, and when they arrived the state of California passed anti-miscegenation laws, so that a Filipino man could only marry a Filipino woman. Only there were very few Filipino women--so today almost all the older Filipino men are bachelors...
...originally, they soon became mired in controversy. The U.S., for instance, has been insisting that the ceilings cover the U.S.S.R.'s new Backfire bomber; the Soviets reject this. In turn, Moscow argues that U.S. aircraft firing cruise missiles-relatively cheap, accurate subsonic drones-be counted against the MIRV quota. Here the U.S. balks, making the Soviets, as an American negotiator puts it, "neuralgic" on the issue of cruises...
...circumvents what should be the true intent of affirmative action programs: helping disadvantaged individuals overcome environmental liabilities. Opening up compensatory programs to those individuals who no longer suffer the disadvantages of historic repression does little good for those who still do. Programs such as U.D. Davis Med School's quota system for non-whites should be open to all individuals from disadvantaged backgrounds, regardless of their ethnic background. Flexible guidelines should replace the use of any strict quotas. While such changes would make the admissions process more difficult--requiring additional recruiting as well as a more thorough identification of individuals...
What should remain clear about this particular case, however, is that in deciding in favor of the University of California the Court would not be forcing every other educational institution in the country to come up with quota programs. It would simply uphold the right of U.C. Davis and other institutions to employ such means to achieve the student mix they consider necessary for a good class and a socially responsible admissions policy...
Forced to take a stand but trying to find a middle way, Jimmy Carter has rejected quotas. Blacks, who voted for him overwhelmingly, wanted him to back the university's position that some places can be set aside for less qualified, minority students. Opponents of quotas have also been vocal: businessmen, labor unions and universities, moderate and conservative whites, and some minorities, like Jews, who feel they can only lose in a quota system...