Word: quota
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...some race-conscious policies in university admissions. But he does say that Michigan’s undergraduate admissions policy—which assigns points to applicants based on a wide variety of factors including GPA, SAT scores, demonstrated leadership, legacy status and race—is effectively a racial quota and is impermissible because Michigan hasn’t tried race-neutral alternatives...
Though I like to point fingers at large Western corporations whenever possible, the recent plight of 25 million starving coffee farmers is not the conglomerates’ fault. The crisis is the result of the end of the International Coffee Agreements, which allotted each country a maximum quota of coffee production. When these rules went by the wayside in a 1989 gale of post-Communist love, world coffee production went haywire. Brazil and Vietnam began producing madly, flooding the market with excess coffee. Prices worldwide plummeted, creating the current scenario, where coffee farmers are paid significantly less than the cost...
...finally banned in 1992, the fishery stood at 1% to 3% of its historic levels. Even today the fish have not returned. In the mid-1980s, the fishery produced over 200,000 tons a year, but fishermen today cannot catch enough to fill their modest 7,000-ton quota. Scientists fear that the same disaster could befall European stocks. One factor in the Newfoundland collapse may have been an effect of climate changes caused by man. During the period 1988-96 the Atlantic was anomalously cold, because of very cold meltwater coming down from the Arctic. The frigid waters made...
...class based on composite score. This policy is substantially the same as Harvard’s; it merely quantifies the factors that Harvard considers. In a point system, applicants still compete directly against one another for the same spots using the same criteria, and there need be no minimum quota set on the number of minorities. To outlaw the use of race in a point system would mean that many universities would be powerless to use affirmative action merely because of logistical deficiencies—making it impossible for some schools to actually realize the benefit of having a diverse...
...course, not all preferential systems should be embraced. Bakke rightly outlawed racial quotas, which infringe individual rights by excluding white students from consideration for seats set aside for minorities. As such, the University of Michigan law school’s admissions policy—which seeks to enroll a critical mass of minority students—should be struck down. As plaintiff Barbara Grutter argued in her final brief to the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals, critical mass “is a concept based on numbers.” The fact that critical mass is a vague range...