Word: quotas
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...land for the Soviet economy is the national Five-Year Plan. The State Planning Committee (GOSPLAN) allocates all investment capital, sets every price and production goal and determines all foreign trade. The plan, which sets policy for some 350,000 enterprises, affects every Soviet citizen. Lawyers must try their quota of cases, barbers must shear so many heads and taxi drivers must log so many miles. The plan determines the amount of raw materials a plant will receive and the number of workers it is assigned; fulfilling the plan's quotas is the only economic measuring stick...
Unlike the capitalist economies of the West, which reward successful risk taking, the Soviet system rewards caution and conformity. Any plant manager who might be interested in experimenting with new ways of doing things runs the risk of failing to meet his assigned production or delivery quota, as traumatic a worry to a Soviet manager as the fear of red ink is to an American corporate executive. Observes Haverford College Sovietologist Holland Hunter: "Everyone finds the traditional way of doing things-no innovation-the most congenial. The supreme challenge is not to rock the boat. New styling or technology would...
Though the Pentagon is filling its quota of numbers in the ranks, there is a broad consensus in Congress and the Pentagon that the members of today's armed forces do not match those of the days before the volunteer force. The education level of recruits has been dropping as the services strain to meet recruiting quotas. While 68% of the enlistees without prior military service had high school diplomas in the first half of fiscal 1979, this year only 58% do. Although some combat officers argue persuasively that a ninth-grade dropout may still make a good soldier...
Many petitions to Bok, several student- and faculty-staged protests, and one open forum with Harberger and HIID fellows later, Harberger backed out of the HIID offer in April, claiming a better offer from the University of Chicago--a larger salary and a guaranteed quota of Latin American students--made him change his mind...
...from one side of the issue to the other, is now trying to strike a workable, intelligent balance that will honor both the practical dilemma (the Cubans are here in the U.S., and it would be barbaric to try to ship them back) and the necessary precedents and principles (quota systems must be honored, American jobs must be protected, and the country cannot possibly take everyone who wants to come...