Word: quotas
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After World War I, there were fears that millions of displaced Europeans, newly influenced by Bolshevism, would infect America with alien ideology. As a result, a series of racism-tinted national-origins laws passed during the 1920s established an annual immigration quota of 150,000 that favored established groups like the Germans and Irish. Some nationalities, notably the Japanese, were excluded entirely. The national-origins system was preserved in the 1952 McCarran-Walter Act, though that notorious law did establish tiny quotas -- 100 or so a year -- for such previously barred groups as Indians and Filipinos...
...orgy of qualifying matches across Europe produced the requisite quota of football shocks in the lineup for next year's World Cup finals in the U.S., centering mostly on teams that will not make the trip. Among the surprises: France, which needed only a draw to qualify, was beaten, 2-1, in the final 10 seconds of play by upstart Bulgaria. England, playing with a dismal record, was also eliminated, despite its birthright to the game. And European champion Denmark failed to qualify when it was dumped by Spain...
Once a candidate surpasses the quota of votesneeded to be elected--a figure derived bymathematical formula and based on the numbers ofcandidates and votes cast--that candidate's excessvotes are transferred to the second choices listedon randomly selected ballots. The votes ofcandidates at the bottom of the heap aretransferred in much the same...
...candidate Joseph G. Grassi is also veryclose to reaching the quota of 3,000 votes neededto be assured a seat on the committee in thiselection...
...surplus from Davis will likely benefit theCCA-endorsed Simmons, who has amassed 2,992votes--just a handful short of the quota. It willalso help Henry J. Lukas and Robin A. Harris, bothof whom are endorsed...