Word: racialization
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During Garvey’s heyday in the early 20th century, people believed that races were biologically and culturally distinct entities and that the Negro race was inferior to all other races. he accepted the racial essentialism of his times but unflinchingly took on any and all claims of racial inferiority, calling on all blacks worldwide to dedicate themselves to uplifting their race. This was Garvey’s greatest genius: identifying the similarities between the struggles of the black people on different continents and unifying them in opposition to their common foe of racial oppression...
...most part, we no longer live in an age of racial essentialism. Explicit racial discrimination has been purged from our nation’s laws, and racist comments have largely disappeared from American public discourse. Now, black people can legally share water fountains, restaurants and even Harvard classes with non-black people. But while de jure segregation and discrimination are in their death throes, their de facto manifestations are as strong as ever worldwide. Collectively, black infants in America, the Caribbean and Sub-Saharan Africa are nearly ten times more likely to die in their first year than their white...
However, to achieve this goal, these American Africans must heed Garvey’s advice and abandon slavish allegiance to political parties which unabashedly exploit anti-black sentiment or fail to deliver on any of their promises made in black churches. Instead, they should pledge allegiance to programs of racial uplift worldwide. Black people should support President Bush in his efforts to save the lives of other black people, including those in Darfur, while vociferously condemning his efforts that hurt them, such as ending affirmative action, withholding money from global AIDS funding and overthrowing the democratically elected government of Haiti...
That Summers could publicly ascribe gender differences to biology—and face less censure from the academic community than if he were to make the same suggestion in reference to racial differences—is very telling. For over forty years, scholars in many disciplines have studied the factors underpinning sex differences. Studies have repeatedly shown the predominance of social processes while chipping away at the theory that men’s and women’s inborn traits determine their place in society. Instead of encouraging new research, the Summers’ “innate differences?...
...later, became the patriarchal conscience of seven Spike Lee films (among them Do the Right Thing, right). In 1946, at his first Broadway job, he met actress Ruby Dee. They married soon after and for 56 years pursued a fruitful acting partnership, a bold place in the fight for racial equality and one of the century's great love affairs. He died on the job, shooting a film called Retirement. But that was a dirty word to Davis, who kept busy in his ninth decade playing a nursing-home codger who believes he's John F. Kennedy ("They dyed...