Word: racially
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...Bakke case brings a troubling racial argument to the court
...responding to the charge that a white male had been excluded from medical school by "reverse discrimination" favoring disadvantaged minority candidates who were, by traditional admission standards, less qualified than the white. Said Cox: "The answer which the court gives will determine, perhaps for decades, whether members of [racial] minorities are to have meaningful access to higher education." After a few minutes, Justice Byron White interrupted Cox to inquire about the adequacy of the trial record in lower courts. And then for two hours the Justices questioned the lawyers, Cox and McCree and Reynold Colvin, Bakke's San Francisco...
...Chicano in its first two entering classes. So the faculty authorized a special admissions program for "individuals from disadvantaged educational, cultural and socioeconomic backgrounds"; soon it reserved 16 of 100 slots for them in each class. By 1974, the university was using application forms that asked for racial identification; the results made it clear that only blacks, Chicanes, American Indians and Asians need apply for the 16 places. The university never denied that by all the standard criteria-grades, test scores, benchmark totals-Bakke's record was better than that of many minority students enrolled. The special...
Thus the Supreme Court had to confront once again the legacy of its 1954 ruling that American society must proceed "with all deliberate speed" toward racial desegregation. The courts spent years enforcing the promise of that ruling against various challenges and obstructions, but it became clear that repeated judicial pronouncements against segregation would never lead to an integrated society. Help arrived from the Executive Branch in the 1960s. Presidents Kennedy and Johnson issued executive orders requiring "affirmative action" by Government contractors to provide more jobs for minorities. Congress soon joined in, more regulations, followed, and affirmative action expanded to include...
Epps said the committee's purpose was to study and review racial interaction here and issue preliminary findings and recommendations for action in the spring...