Word: racially
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...Justice Stephen Breyer led Justices John Paul Stevens, David Souter and Ruth Bader Ginsburg in dissent, arguing that the districts' use of race served their powerful interest in making sure that students reaped the benefits of learning in racially diverse classrooms. And what about Brown v. Board of Education, Breyer asked incredulously? The 1954 school-desegregation landmark promised "true racial equality," he wrote, and today's plurality decision "would break that promise...
...moment, though, hundreds of public school districts may have to consider alternatives for getting a racial mix in classrooms, and their options are limited...
...every one of the nation's school districts, according to Michal Kurlaender, an assistant professor of education at the University of California, Davis. The differences come in how students are assigned when too many select a certain school or, as in Louisville, a school falls out of a predetermined racial balance. The Louisville goal was no less than 15% and no more than 50% minority students in any single school...
...school superintendent who implemented the plan. Today, student performance is way up - the plan's main objective - while the schools are still diverse. But Sherlin says diversity is a mere coincidence: black and Latino students are almost 10 times more likely than whites to qualify for free meals, meaning racial integration is a byproduct of economic integration...
...Other districts have maintained diversity by using race in indirect ways. Since 2004, Berkeley, Calif., has assigned students to public elementary schools based on their neighborhood's racial makeup and the income and education of its residents. The plan survived a legal challenge in April, though the case is on appeal. Variations in other cities consider a neighborhood's poverty level or opportunity index, which measures a broad range of factors that can correlate with race...