Word: radars
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...easterly at 18 knots on the night of July 25. She sailed a moderate sea with little wind and a shining moon. Though other ships reported fog off Nantucket that night, Stockholm insisted that "although there was a haze on the horizon, visibility was good." The liner's radar, "operating perfectly," indicated another vessel ten miles off. Soon Andrea Doria came into sight two miles away. "Although the vessels were in a position to pass safely port to port, red to red, Stockholm went to starboard to give even greater passing distance. Andrea Doria, however, suddenly closed...
Pinning blame for the collision squarely on sunken Andrea Doria, Stockholm charged that the Manhattan-bound Italian liner was not properly manned or equipped, failed to keep a proper lookout, was proceeding at excessive speed, had faulty radar protection, failed to sound required signals, and "suddenly and unexpectedly and without warning veered across the path of Stockholm and into collision with Stockholm...
...Italian Case. The Italian Line denied that the moon was visible or the range of visibility was two miles. The night was "dark and foggy," and Andrea Doria, when her radar picked up Stockholm, was sounding regulation fog signals. Andrea Doria's radar indicated that Stockholm would pass clear to starboard; Andrea Doria altered to port for greater clearance. "Thereafter, Stockholm's lights loomed out of the fog off Andrea Doria's starboard bow, whereupon her (Andrea Doria's) rudder was put hard left, and she sounded two short blasts of her whistle, indicating...
Blaming Stockholm for the crash, the Italian Line charged that the Swedish ship failed to keep a good lookout or make effective use of her radar, was proceeding at immoderate speed through the fog, failed to stop engines after hearing Andrea Doria's fog signal forward of her beam, altered course to starboard without ascertaining the course and position of Andrea Doria, failed to sound proper whistle signals, failed to stop and reverse engines when the danger of collision became apparent, and was proceeding eastward in the path of westbound vessels...
...Radar of these wave lengths is also used by shipboard radars designed to penetrate fog, was the type installed on the Andrea Doria and the Stockholm...