Word: radars
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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...addition, Bainbridge was instrumental in convincing the Navy to utilize radar on its ships to combat German submarines, recalls Edward M. Purcell, a retired professor of physics from Harvard...
Students became soldiers. Chemists and engineers worked for the government, developing new munitions and sophisticated radar systems. President James B. Conant '14, a brilliant chemist himself, was a major player in the development of the atomic bomb at Los Alamos, New Mexico...
Storm chasing as an organized enterprise began in 1972, when the Tornado Intercept Project was launched to provide what radar meteorologists refer to as "ground truth." At the time, the NSSL was developing a radar capable of detecting areas of strong rotation inside big tornado-producing storms. The chasers provided visual proof that particular radar signatures did indeed precede the formation of tornadoes. The new radar, Doppler radar, made use of the fact that radio waves shift frequency depending on whether the objects they bounce off are advancing or receding. In this case, the objects that create the Doppler shift...
...collaboration between radar developers and storm chasers was immensely productive. It led to the NEXRAD (or Next Generation Radar) system, which the National Weather Service is currently installing nationwide. Already NEXRAD has helped extend the lead time for tornado warnings from three to eight minutes, on average. Sometimes the warning comes even earlier. Last month weather forecasters in Little Rock, Arkansas, called a tornado warning for communities in the Ozark Mountains a full 35 minutes before the twister showed up, giving people who lived in trailer homes time to scurry to friends' basements for safety...
...dozens of meteorologists to Oklahoma, Texas and Kansas during May and June--peak tornado season in that part of the country. Every few days for nearly 10 weeks, chase teams piled into planes, vans and cars equipped with every measuring device imaginable--satellite positioning systems, state-of-the-art radar, rooftop weather stations--and raced hundreds of miles to catch up with the storms deemed likely to generate twisters...