Word: radioimmunoassay
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...report in this week's Journal of the American Medical Association urging doctors to take a closer look at the patient's physical condition. Endocrinologist Richard Spark of Boston's Beth Israel Hospital writes that the problem in many cases is medical, not mental. Using sensitive radioimmunoassay techniques that can pick up infinitesimal levels of hormones in the blood, Dr. Spark and his team studied 105 impotent men, aged 18 to 75. They found that 35% of the men had previously overlooked disorders of the endocrine system-too little testosterone, for example, or overactive thyroids. In these...
...They make an incision in the woman's abdomen, then insert a tubular fiber-optic device to locate one of the baby's blood vessels on the placenta. Using a tiny needle, they withdraw a few drops of the baby's blood, which is analyzed by radioimmunoassay techniques for factor VIII. To date, investigators have used the experimental procedure on eight women, all of whom had family histories of severe hemophilia. In four cases the tests showed that the fetus carried almost none of the clotting factor. Abortions were performed; tests later confirmed that the fetuses...
...scientific meeting in Los Angeles last month, Yalow described some recent work with lab animals. Using the radioimmunoassay techniques for which she won her prize, she and a co-worker at The Bronx, N.Y., Veterans Administration Hospital found a possible link between obesity and the shortage of a brain chemical. Grossly fat mice seem to have smaller amounts of the hormone cholecystokinin than their skinner littermates. In other words, the hormone may be suppressing rodent appetites. Tentative though those findings were, Yalow discussed them with the press. She had been uncomfortable ever since...
Studying 113 men with prostate cancer, researchers from the Southern California Permanente Medical Group and U.C.L.A. turned to the radioimmunoassay. which can detect incredibly small quantities of biological substances with the help of radioactive tracers. The results: they were able to identify the telltale phosphatase elevation in the blood of 33% of patients in the early, first stage of the disease. 79% of second-stage cases. 71% third stage and 92% of the cases in the fourth and final stage-when the disease is often far too advanced for any hope of cure. By contrast, they report...
...training who decided early in her career to do medical research. In the 1950s, while working on the complex chemistry of diabetes at the Veterans Administration Hospital in The Bronx, N.Y., Yalow and her late collaborator, Dr. Solomon Berson, devised a sensitive new biological analytic technique called the radioimmunoassay (RIA). Using radioactive isotopes as tracers in the so-called immune reactions by which the body's antibodies combine with foreign antigens, the test was sensitive enough to detect exceedingly minute quantities of a substance...