Word: railroads
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Dates: during 1910-1919
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...Freshman four-oared race will be rowed on the afternoon of Thursday, June 20, at a time to be agreed upon by the two captains. The Freshman eight-oared race will be started Friday morning at 10.30 at the railroad Bridge, and will finish at the Navy Yard, two miles up-stream, while the University four-oared race will be started from the Navy Yard as soon as practicable after the finish of the Freshman race, and will be rowed up-stream, finishing at the end of the up-stream course...
...former there will be organized in the Faculty of Arts and Sciences a new Division of Engineering Sciences. To this will be transferred the courses in projection drawing, the elementary course in mechanics, which is really a course in mathematics, the summer courses at Squam Lake in surveying, and railroad engineering (first course), the four summer courses in shopwork, the introductory courses in steam machinery and in generation, transmission, and utilization of electrical energy, both of which are of value to men who are going into manufacturing industries or railroading. The course on ore-deposits will be transferred...
Justice Swayze cited several cases dealing with the reasonableness of rates of a corporation. In Illinois a railroad was ordered to reduce its rates and similarly, in California, a water-works company, whose rates where established by a board of supervisors in which the public was represented, was ordered to make a reduction. In the question of what constituted reasonable rates in accordance with the value and service of the properties, the courts maintained that the state had the power to fix the reasonableness of rates, on the presumption that the power to regulate is not the power to destroy...
...Railroads claim that the fixing of rates deprives them of property. In Minnesota the Railroad Commission ordered a reduction in the rates on milk shipments and car haulage. The Court decided that the Commission was not clothed with judicial power, and that the railroad was constitutionally entitled to reasonable profits. The question was summarized in the Nebraska Maximum Rate Case. The court held that the matter of compensation over total expense was a matter to be determined by public policy and not by fixed rates. In short, the property right of the railroad is the right to operate economically with...
...Fourteenth Amendments. The Eleventh Amendment states that "the Judicial Power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by Citizens or Subjects of any foreign State." Difficulty is encountered in Railroad cases. If a railroad is an Inter-state carrier, each state through which it runs claims the right to tax its property in that state. The road should be taxed as a unit, and the entire amount of taxation is therefore apportioned among the various states. The railroads always appeal...