Word: railroads
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...lingering ripple of scattered stoppages continued at more than a dozen enterprises last week; some smaller factories experienced their second and third walkouts. Moreover, in Berlin, in what some observers interpreted as a spillover from the Polish upheaval, several hundred West German employees of the East German-run railroad* went on strike to press a series of demands: higher wages, new fringe benefits and, not surprisingly, an independent union...
Claypool was born as a railroad town in 1873. It began to die with the rise of the automobile. Today, for shopping, play or work, everybody heads for Warsaw, nine miles up Route 15. Claypool, it is remembered around the bookmobile, used to have a fine depot. It used to have a high school, a tavern, a cattle market, a drugstore and soda fountain. It used to have a hardware store, its own doctor, even a dentist. It used to have a barber shop, a newspaper. Marvin Neff, 74, and his wife Lucy, 70, treasure some old sepia postcards that...
Even if it could get the coal out of the ground, however, the U.S. lacks the transportation network to move it rapidly and inexpensively. Coal already is piling up, waiting for barges, railroad cars or ships to carry it. Railroads haul 65% of coal, and the Department of Transportation estimates that the industry will have to spend about $12 billion by 1985 to replace ancient equipment and improve track roadbeds. Yet the railroads are reluctant to spend huge sums until they are certain that the demand for coal will remain strong. Says John Fishwick, president of the Norfolk & Western Railway...
Barge and port facilities are also insufficient. The export demand for steam coal in Europe increased by nearly 100% last year, yet buyers are unhappy about the delays in delivery. U.S. piers have little storage capacity, so that railroad cars stocked with the black stuff wait weeks to be unloaded. Port channels are neither large nor deep enough to handle the traffic. Through most of the summer there were about 50 colliers at anchor on any given day at Hampton Roads, Va., the largest coal port on the East Coast...
...dream and the reality from colonial days to the present, from Town Builder William Penn's hope for "a green country town, which will never be burnt, and always be wholesome" to the prepackaged sterility of some of today's contrived "new towns." Factory towns, farm towns, railroad towns, cow towns, mining towns, all march through his book. "New England towns with white churches and elm-arched streets ... fugitive transient towns with their tacked-on names and mayfly lives." The aspirations and disappointments of little American towns have come and gone in rich diversity, too, but every town...