Word: rape
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Researchers figured something similar had to be happening in burnout victims. But rather than finding a prominent cortisol peak, investigators discovered a shallow bump in the morning followed by a low, flattened level throughout the day. Intriguingly, such blunted cortisol responses are also common among Holocaust survivors, rape victims and soldiers suffering from PTSD. The difference seems to be that people with PTSD are much more sensitive to cortisol at even these low levels than those with burnout. "We used to blame everything on high cortisol," says Rachel Yehuda, a neurochemist and PTSD expert at the Mount Sinai School...
That's a tough question, and the law offers few good answers. In criminal prosecutions for rape or sexual assault, about half a dozen states require that an adult victim's identity be kept secret (others require anonymity only if the prosecution or court requests it). That's because the state assumes that the promise of anonymity will encourage victims to come forward. When a woman accused basketball star Kobe Bryant of rape in Colorado, for example, the world was told his name but officially not hers. To this day, only 38% of rapes or sexual assaults are reported...
Even in cases of rape, anonymity may not help the victim. People often feel they have lost control of their lives after a sexual attack, and identifying themselves publicly can revive a sense of control, says Lynn Parrish of the Rape, Abuse and Incest National Network, which counsels victims. "It allows them to say, 'This is who I am, this happened to me, and I am not going to allow [the attacker] to victimize me again by making me keep this inside,'" she explains...
...pictures on the following pages were taken mostly in 2006, as Congo's 60 million people prepared for the country's first free elections in four decades. Officially, war ended in 2003. But the aftershocks of one of Africa's most devastating conflagrations go on. Rebel militias continue to rape and murder, especially in the country's East. Government troops commit atrocities as well. With the election complete, it's comforting to think that the world has done its part and can now leave Congo to get on with righting itself. But the country still desperately needs help...
...treatment went further: doctors removed Ashley's uterus--to prevent potential discomfort from menstrual cramps and pregnancy in the event of rape--and her breast buds because of a family history of cancer and fibrocystic disease. "Ashley has no need for developed breasts since she will not breast feed," her parents argue, "and their presence would only be a source of discomfort to her" since the harness straps that hold her upright go across her chest...