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Word: rater (lookup in dictionary) (lookup stats)
Dates: during 1990-1999
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Usage:

...start-up, a brick-and-mortar retailer who fears getting "Amazon-ed" or a company content for now to dip a toe into the scary world of e-commerce, they're all interested in the future of your wallet. Says Dan Burke, senior analyst at Gomez Advisors, a rater of e-commerce sites: "We're just getting to the really interesting part, where we see who's doing it right and who's doing it wrong...

Author: /time Magazine | Title: Tales From The E-Commerce Front | 10/4/1999 | See Source »

That may soon change. America's most relentless examiner, the Educational Testing Service, has developed computer software, known as E-Rater, to evaluate essays on the Graduate Management Admission Test. Administered to 200,000 business school applicants each year, the GMAT includes two 30-min. essays that test takers type straight into a computer. In the past, those essays were graded on a six-point scale by two readers. This month, the computer will replace one of the readers--with the proviso that a second reader will be consulted if the computer and human-reader scores differ by more than...

Author: /time Magazine | Title: When Computers Do the Grading | 2/15/1999 | See Source »

...thing for a machine to determine whether a bubble has been correctly filled in, but can it read outside the lines, so to speak? Well, yes and no. E-Rater "learns" what constitutes good and bad answers from a sample of pregraded essays. Using that information, it breaks the essay down to its syntax, organization and content. The software checks basics like subject-verb agreement as well as recognizes words, phrases and sentence structures that are likely to be found in high-scoring essays. For example, an essay on Clinton's impeachment trial that includes terms like DNA and rule...

Author: /time Magazine | Title: When Computers Do the Grading | 2/15/1999 | See Source »

...course, the machine cannot "get," say, a clever turn of phrase or an unusual analogy."If I'm unique, I might not fall under the scoring rubric," concedes Frederic McHale, a vice president at the Graduate Management Admission Council, which owns the GMAT. On the other hand, E-Rater is mercilessly objective and never tires halfway through a stack of essays. The upshot: in pretrial tests, E-Rater and a human reader were just as likely to agree as were two readers. "It's not intended to judge a person's creativity," says Darrell Laham, co-developer of the Intelligent...

Author: /time Magazine | Title: When Computers Do the Grading | 2/15/1999 | See Source »

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