Word: ratio
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...longer than anybody thinks," says Gérard Dine, president of the Biotechnological Institute in Troyes, France, and an antidoping consultant to French and international sporting authorities. Phonak, the Swiss sponsor of Landis' cycling team, revealed last week that on the day of Landis' miraculous comeback, an abnormally high ratio of testosterone to epitestosterone was found in his urine. (Testosterone is a muscle-building anabolic steroid; epitestosterone, a related substance, has no performance-enhancing effects.) Specifically, Landis' testosterone-to-epitestosterone (T/E) ratio was above the 4-to-1 limit set by WADA; the ratio for most people is between...
Even if the B-sample ratio is also high, some antidoping experts say that could mean that Landis' body produced excess testosterone on its own. "We know there is a small percentage of the population who are going to have a natural production of testosterone that is above the norm," says Dine. Another possible explanation lies in what Landis consumed the night before his 125-mile comeback: he has admitted to trying to erase the worst performance of his career by downing some whiskey. Medical research has linked alcohol with an elevated T/E ratio...
What's unknown--and crucial--for Landis is the result of another test on his urine samples, the one that measures the carbon-isotope ratio. This examines the atomic makeup of the testosterone in Landis' body. If the ratio of carbon isotopes matches those found in synthetic testosterone, Landis will be in trouble. But even then, the debate might go on because some scientists say this particular test is not infallible. Says Dine: "With testosterone, there is no scientific consensus...
...Thursday the International Cycling Union (ICU) announced that Landis had tested positive for testosterone during the Tour's 17th stage. Landis' team, Phonak, was notified by the ICU that tests performed after that stage, which Landis won after a monumental physical exhibition, showed an "unusual level of testosterone/epitestosterone ratio...
...This 1 1/2-1-1/2 ratio is age-old and not to be messed with. And this ratio is what I told Cory I wanted. He looked at me in worried confusion, as though I'd asked him to pour tequila directly into my mouth. I imagined what he was thinking: A margarita like that would be far more costly than the ones Applebee's serves, since a pure one contains only liquor and juice, not shelf...