Word: raye
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Dates: during 1930-1939
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...Chicago last week Arthur Holly Compton, one of the world's most famed cosmic ray experts, startled a gathering of some 100 distinguished physicists by retracting a theory which he had espoused two and a half years ago, and by putting forth a new one in its place. Cosmic rays are electrified particles which constantly bombard Earth from every direction. It is estimated that about 30 shoot through every human body every second. They have energies higher than any particles ever propelled by man-made machines- energies, in some cases, measured in hundreds of billions of electron-volts...
...several years, while cosmic ray research was emerging from its infancy, University of Chicago's Compton engaged in a polite but nonetheless spirited controversy with California Institute of Technology's Robert Andrews Millikan. Compton contended that the rays were mostly electric particles, Millikan that they were mostly photons (electrically inert bundles of radiation). In January 1936, Compton presented a thoroughgoing resume of his researches up to that time which neutral observers considered a "cosmic clearance"-i.e., a victory for Compton (TIME, Jan. 13, 1936). By that time most cosmic ray workers were speaking in terms of particles...
...Compton, like practically all of his colleagues, still believes the rays to be particles. The retraction he made last week concerned their place of origin. He once believed they came from the remotest depths of space beyond the Milky Way, which is the huge galaxy of stars to which the sun and its planets inconspicuously belong. The disc-shaped Milky Way appears to be slowly rotating like an enormous wheel. Therefore, if the rays come from outside the galaxy, whichever side of Earth happens to be facing the direction of rotation should receive a few more rays than the back...
...with the urine. Phenolphthalein turns pink when mixed with an alkaline substance like sodium hydroxide. So when Dr. Woldman drops sodium hydroxide into an ulcerated or cancerous individual's urine, the urine turns an indicative pink. For patients too sick for roentgenological study, or in cases where X-ray cannot distinguish between old lesion scars and new lesions, Dr. Woldman's technique is valuable...
Third and most influential champion of the idea is Robert Rhea (pronounced Ray), a Colorado Springs invalid, author of The Dow Theory, textbook published in 1932 at the bottom of Depression I. Printed at his own expense. 91,000 copies have been sold. Robert Rhea first went to Colorado Springs in 1910 with tuberculosis, in three years was pronounced cured. But in the air service during the War he had a minor crackup, got influenza and pneumonia, was discharged as permanently and totally disabled. Seeking relief from pain in utter exhaustion, he worked in bed at market studies begun earlier...