Word: receptor
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Next, the researchers put the parts back in, but only in certain areas. In separate experiments, they turned insulin receptor genes back on in different worm tissues: first in the intestine but not the brain, then the brain but not the muscle...
...toxic to children. Capitalizing on the growing interest in DEET-free alternatives, Biorganic Safety Brands has developed a line of ShooBug Repellents that it claims are safe for use around kids and pets. Using extracts of tree and plant oils--most notably cloves--the new products block a neurotransmitter receptor in bugs that doesn't exist in humans...
...blazed through college and graduate school at the University of California at San Diego in six years. After a stint at the State University of New York at Buffalo, he was recruited by NIH's neurological institute, where he worked on locating and decoding a gene for an adrenaline-receptor protein in brain cells, but found progress exasperatingly slow. So when he learned in 1986 about a machine that could "read" genes by shining lasers on their dyed letters (A, T, C and G, the four nitrogenous bases--adenine, thymine, cytosine and guanine--that spell out the genome's "words...
Like our proboscises, e-noses are only as good as their sensors, and all of them operate on principles remarkably similar to those of a real nose. Humans detect odors with up to 650 types of receptors found on cells high up in the nasal passages, somewhere between our eyebrows. How the nose works is still something of a mystery, but it is believed that each receptor responds to a subtle characteristic of a molecule that carries odor--its peculiar shape, say, or degree of oiliness--rather than to the molecule itself. Working together, the receptors can generate unique "smell...
...ranging from estrogen replacement (which may promote the growth of some neurons) to entirely new drugs are at various stages of development. In the near future, two new cholinesterase inhibitors, ENA 713 (Exelon) and metrifonate, are expected to become available. Memory researchers have also been looking at the NMDA receptor, target of the Princeton experiment. But tests of possible drugs to enhance memory have been inconclusive. Says Bill Thies, vice president for medical and scientific affairs at the Alzheimer's Association: "I think in a 10-year window we'll see some revolutionary stuff to prevent the disease...