Word: receptors
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Buck, who has been studying the sense of smell for 10 years, has discovered that each scenting cell, or neuron, has only one type of receptor. Each receptor type is found on about 5,000 neurons in a human nose, she said...
...structures are either located at the bottom of crevices, where the relatively bulky antibodies of the immune system can't reach them, or obscured by great forests of sugar molecules. One particularly attractive target comes out of hiding only in that brief moment after gp120 latches onto the CD4 receptor and before it attaches to the chemokine receptor--much too briefly for the immune system to react...
...course, now that we know the extent of HIV's nastiness we can get a lot closer to defeating it. The little hook that HIV uses to bind itself to cell receptor CCR5, for example, could be the virus' Achilles' heel. Blocking that hook may be the key to preventing HIV's ability to infect. "There's no question we're better off now than we were before," said Sodroski. "Before we were blind, now we are sighted." And that's a miracle in itself...
Other drug companies are targeting another common cancer gene: one that codes for a protein called the EGF (epidermal growth factor) receptor. This receptor, which takes in growth signals and relays them to the RAS protein, is found in abnormally high numbers on the surface of about 40% of tumor cells, including about 90% of lung-cancer tumors, some prostate tumors and other malignancies. Researchers at M.D. Anderson Cancer Center in Houston are testing an antibody to EGF receptors in patients with advanced head and neck cancers. But most other groups, including teams at drug makers Pfizer, Novartis and Zeneca...
...Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York City, Dr. Mark Malkin is working with a substance that targets a receptor for another growth factor called PDGF (platelet-derived growth factor). This receptor studs the surfaces of cells in certain ovarian, prostate, lung and brain tumors. Malkin has been testing the drug, SU101, on patients with an extraordinarily deadly brain tumor called glioblastoma. Median survival for a patient found to have this cancer is 14 months...