Word: receptors
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...Many newer drugs target other pathways for tumor growth. Herceptin, introduced in 1998, interferes with a protein called epidermal growth factor by blocking the her2 receptor, a binding site that is found on the surface of many cells but is overabundant in about 25% of breast cancers. Other smart drugs interfere with the same growth factor, using slightly different chemical strategies to do so, and some have proved useful in a range of cancers. Gleevec, for example, which was approved in 2001, prevents growth factors from attaching to cancer cells and activating an enzyme called tyrosine kinase, which regulates cell...
...along its nefarious journey. The FDA has approved four different classes of ARVs, each of which blocks a separate step in HIV's life cycle. The strategy is to build up a security detail of pharmacological agents that together thwart the virus at every turn, making sure that every receptor, protein and enzyme that the virus co-opts to sneak into a cell is covered...
...report that interested me most looked at the association between breast cancer and soy-based foods. This is a controversial topic because soy contains isoflavones, some of which in isolated form can stimulate the growth of estrogen-receptor-positive breast-cancer cells. That's why many Western doctors warn women against eating soy. Yet the epidemiological evidence has been promising: Asian women on diets rich in soy have significantly lower rates of breast cancer than Western women have...
...news came in another large population study, this one of more than 90,000 nurses. A report published in the Archives of Internal Medicine found that the risk of estrogen- and progesterone-receptor-positive breast cancer increased most in those nurses who ate the most red meat. Women who ate more than 1 1/2 servings of red meat a day had nearly double the risk, compared with those who ate three or fewer servings a week. The authors offered several theories for what's behind the correlation. One possibility is that red meat delivers too much iron in a form...
...provide additional options for those patients resistant to drugs currently used for treatment, according to the senior author, Harvard Medical School (HMS) Associate Professor of Medicine Myles A. Brown. Estrogen contributes to tumor cell growth via its role in binding to a protein net known as the estrogen receptor (ER), located in the nucleus of 70 percent of breast cancer cells. When estrogen attaches to this receptor, the binding initiates a flurry of activity in genes directly related to cell growth and division. Many cancerous cells have a disproportionately high number of ERs in their nuclei, facilitating the rapid propagation...