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Mason did her own part to blaze a trail for African Americans. Tapped by legendary television producer Norman Lear to write for the sitcom Good Times, she went on to amass writing credits for shows like A Different World and Redd Foxx's Sanford--programs that brought to viewers an as-yet-unseen depiction of black lives...
Advocates have been busy refining avoided deforestation to answer early criticisms. Because firms investing in carbon credits need to estimate how much deforestation would have happened without a scheme, REDD projects can only work in countries with high rates of deforestation. That alleviates concerns that money will be spent to protect forests under no threat. To address fears that protected forests might be lost through a fire or logging, brokers build in reserves - selling, for example, only 80% of the carbon actually contained within a forest, and tapping the remainder if some part of the protected area should be lost...
...international climate talks, thanks to innovative leaders like Papua New Guinea's Kevin Conrad, one of TIME's Heroes of the Environment. That has prompted big rain-forest nations like Indonesia and Brazil, which were initially suspicious of exposing their sovereign forests to an international carbon market, to rethink REDD. Last month, representatives from a handful of Indonesian and Brazilian states signed a memorandum of understanding with several large U.S. states - including California, which has already adopted a carbon cap of its own - to explore avoided deforestation projects. The possibility of tapping into California's rich carbon markets has tropical...
...that avoided deforestation's biggest obstacle will be its own success. If REDD is enshrined in the next global climate-change deal, set to be negotiated by the end of 2009, there is likely to be a sudden spike in demand for avoided deforestation projects, as developed countries angle to meet new carbon caps and tropical nations start to turn their forests into cash. But doing a REDD project right isn't easy, points out Zoe Kant, TNC's carbon markets manager and the brains behind the Noel Kempff project: experts are few, locales are remote and most countries lack...
...those who care about forests and the climate, the promise of REDD is undeniable. The truth is that weaning the world off fossil fuels will be a monumentally difficult and expensive process, one that will demand technological innovations we haven't yet thought of. But halting deforestation, while not cheap - Britain's Stern Review in 2006 pegged the price at $5 to $15 billion a year - is doable now, provided we have the political will. If you want to know why, visit Noel Kempff. Its biological value was incalculable, but to the people who lived in the forest, its only...