Word: reform
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...economic restructuring, which depend on the labor force's willingness to make temporary sacrifices while the country's centralized industries are gradually exposed to more and more free-market forces. "Everybody knows what is at stake here," said Walesa, following the Nowa Huta attack. "As of today, the reform has failed...
...regime's reaction exposed its deep ambivalence about allowing political pluralism to creep into the reform program, especially any pluralism that might lead to a reborn Solidarity. Actually, Walesa and other union leaders became involved less as an overtly political force, which they ceased to be after the union was banned in 1981, than as elder statesmen. But even that presence was too much for Poland's Communist leadership. Charging that Solidarity sought only to "evoke crisis and a confrontation," Government Spokesman Jerzy Urban vowed that the regime "had not, does not and will not talk" with union leaders...
Outside Poland, last week's unrest and the force used to quell it must have had a profoundly disquieting effect on the Soviet Union and its leader, Mikhail Gorbachev. The economic reform measures at the center of the Polish dispute, after all, are the local version of Gorbachev's campaign of perestroika (restructuring), and early setbacks in a key satellite hardly bode well for the vaster and still more intractable economy of the Soviet Union. The proximate cause of the wave of strikes in Poland was the imposition of price hikes, ranging from 40% for food staples...
Written by a senior official of the Aviation Ministry, the letter clearly reflected many of Mikhail Gorbachev's ideas for political reform and was undoubtedly intended to set the stage for the Soviet Communist Party Conference that begins on June 28. More volleys may lie ahead...
...beleaguered Chicago, plans are afoot for a number of similar reforms that would take power and funds away from the city's bloated administrative bureaucracy and place them in the hands of teachers, principals and local parents. One such plan, called CURE (Chicagoans United to Reform Education), comes from a grass-roots movement. "We will place authority and responsibility with the people who are closest to the children," explains Renee Montoya of Designs for Change, a child-advocacy group that is helping to lead the way. Efforts like these, says Boyer, constitute a "new agenda," a critical second wave that...