Word: reform
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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Because the law is directed at residents, not visitors, hotel dining rooms are exempt; restaurant bars and cocktail lounges are also excluded from the ban. "We understand the relationship between alcohol and cigarettes -- we're not out to reform human nature," explains former City Attorney Steven Rood. As for hotels, he notes, "French and Italian movie moguls can't do business without a cigarette in their mouth." Such reasoning does not satisfy restaurant owners. Vito Sasso, proprietor of the romantic Romeo and Juliet, argues that he too has foreign customers, citing one wealthy visitor who orders several $500 bottles...
...Prime Minister's supporters argue that the tax-reform bill, along with its unpopular sales levy, must be passed to stimulate domestic economic growth. The plan would reduce income taxes to encourage consumer spending, creating a greater demand for imports. The sales tax, they contend, would make up for revenue lost with the cuts. An increase in U.S. exports to Japan would then take the heat out of the trade war and help stabilize the soaring yen, which has made Japanese goods more expensive abroad. Still, despite an L.D.P. majority in parliament, both the tax and budget proposals face...
...guidelines represent a compromise between complete judicial discretion and fixed sentences, a now disfavored reform in which specific crimes get unvarying punishments without parole. Under the new federal proposal, judges would retain a small range of discretion and could depart from the guidelines in certain instances. If they did so, however, they would have to give their reason on the record, and those sentences could be appealed...
Aquino's government has also instituted a version of Reaganomic tax reform. The top tax rate has been cut from 60% to 35%, while a broad range of special exemptions has been eliminated. In the same egalitarian vein, the country's sugar and coconut monopolies, long in the hands of Marcos cronies, have been disbanded. The world price paid for copra, or coconut meat, has increased 250% in the past year; thanks to trust busting, money that once went to monopolists now goes to farmers. In the effort to purge Marcos-style cronyism from the economy, scores of nonperforming public...
...sobering fact, though, is that the Philippine economy must continue to grow at the projected 6% rate for the next four years just to bring per capita income back to where it was in 1981. Along with that daunting prospect, the Aquino government faces the critical issue of land reform. The Philippine population is growing at 2.5% annually; many of the children are born into families of landless, impoverished peasants. They are a prime recruiting source for Communist rebels...