Word: reform
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...James Miller III, head of the Office of Management and Budget. "We have the standard reservation against more Government programs," says an OMB aide. "Let the private sector do it. Also, parts of the Bowen plan rely on new tax incentives. We have just closed major loopholes in tax reform, and now here come some new loopholes." To Beryl Sprinkel, chairman of Reagan's Council of Economic Advisers, Bowen's plan is "inconsistent with the Administration's policies to restrain the growth of federal spending, to use private-sector solutions whenever possible...
...students' feelings about the need for more personal freedom were legitimate enough, declared a front-page commentary in the official party newspaper, the People's Daily. Indeed, Paramount Leader Deng Xiaoping had recently acknowledged that China's "deep economic reform should be accompanied by corresponding political reform." But, surely, continued the editorial, the students did not want to re-create the "anarchism" of the Cultural Revolution, when young people were mobilized to foment widespread turmoil. Anyone who tried to "obstruct the progress of the reform," warned the People's Daily, "would eventually eat bitter fruit...
Some students have expressed frustration at the slowness of such political reforms. But their demands frequently seemed to reflect a breezy assumption that Western-style democracy could be grafted painlessly onto Deng's bold economic experiment. Indeed, foreign reporters covering the demonstrations in Shanghai were sometimes cheered and applauded by the crowd. Said one student: "We simply want to have the freedom to do what we want." A medical student said his idea of democracy was "freedom of expression, freedom of the press, publication and association." At one confrontation between Shanghai students and the city's reform-oriented mayor, Jiang...
...stunningly candid and hard-hitting speech last June 19 before a closed meeting of some 40 Soviet writers, General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev discussed his views of Soviet society and his plans to reform it. Last week the New York Times provided the most extensive English translation to date based on notes taken by one of the writers present. Excerpts...
...while Gorbachev has captured attention abroad and sparked expectations at home, he has actually achieved few of his goals. To date, his policies have been more motion than movement. Despite the Soviet Union's rhetorical support for revolution and radical reforms, the country is very traditional, accepting change only gradually and slowly. Attempts by other Soviet leaders, notably Nikita Khrushchev, to reform the economy and give creative talents more freedom were defeated by entrenched bureaucracies and a privileged class that basically likes things the way they are. Gorbachev has made an impressive start, but it will take all his energy...