Word: reform
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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Then along came Mikhail Gorbachev, who has his own reasons for scaling back the U.S.S.R.'s foreign entanglements: they are expensive, diverting resources that might otherwise go to domestic reform; and they provoke worldwide antagonism at a time when Moscow is looking for capitalist goods and credits. So Gorbachev has withdrawn Soviet troops from Afghanistan, encouraged the Vietnamese to end their occupation of Cambodia and warned Fidel Castro that the Kremlin will not indefinitely underwrite the export of revolution in Latin America...
...forceful campaign against corruption by arresting powerful drug lords, businessmen and labor leaders. Yet he is still perceived as someone elected by and for the Establishment. The P.R.I.'s acceptance of defeat in Baja is considered a critical test of Salinas' ability -- and desire -- to enforce reform within his own party...
Hungary has no parallel to Solidarity's opposition, and what does exist is dominated by intellectuals. Instead, the push toward democracy is being led from within the Communist Party by members of its reform wing, most prominently by Politburo member Imre Pozsgay. At a meeting of the party's Central Committee last weekend, Pozsgay was nominated to become the country's new state President as soon as constitutional changes imbue that office with real power. The party's other leading reformer, Rezso Nyers, was tapped as party chairman. The moves diluted the power of General Secretary Karoly Grosz, who until...
...moment, the slaughter of African elephants by poachers has pushed the whales' plight from the headlines, and in the case of the ivory trade, Japan has a better record of reform. In the mid-1980s, Japan accounted for as much as 70% of the final market for ivory products. In 1983 and 1984 alone, more than 135,000 elephant tusks were imported, mostly to be carved into signature seals called hanko. Then, as international complaints about the ivory trade mounted, Japan's dealers reversed their aggressive import policies. By 1988 ivory imports had been reduced by 75% from the peak...
...body of law that lies at the heart of South Africa's apartheid. There was repeated mention of "group rights," a code phrase for continuing white control. The black Congress of South African Trade Unions dismissed the proposal as "old formulas." And despite the announced five-year deadline for reform, De Klerk, who is scheduled to take office in September, admitted, "I would not like to tie myself down to a timetable...