Word: reformations
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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Frei's problems had reached almost Andean proportions. During his three years in office, a congressional coalition of Communists, leftists and Socialists had tied up nearly all of his major reform legislation. Then a noisy leftist faction within his own party began joining the opposition in criticizing Frei, and six months ago finally won control of the executive council. At last week's meeting, Frei made a bid to regain control of his party by proposing a bylaw that would give the President the final decision on any policy disagreement between him and the party...
...Judaism's three branches. About a quarter of the 5,600,000 Jews in the U.S. are Orthodox. Elsewhere, a Jew who is at all religiously observant will, more often than not, be Orthodox; of Israel's 6,000 synagogues, only nine are nonOrthodox. Far more than Reform or Conservative Judaism, Orthodoxy lives by the letter of God's law. It accepts every word of the Hebrew Bible as divinely inspired and insists that the God-fearing Jew must keep every one of the 613 rules of Halaka-the Scripture-based religious law that forbids servile work...
Struggles & Divisions. Many Jews still regard Orthodoxy's insistence on ritual observance as old-fashioned and untenable. In an era of ecumenism, Orthodoxy tends to be proudly self-sufficient, uninterested in religious dialogue with Reform and Conservative Jews, much less with Christianity. Moreover, Orthodoxy has its own internal struggles; many Hasidic Jews regard their more modern Orthodox brethren as heretics and resent any effort to abandon the cultural traditions of Old Europe...
Joining Ottaviani in retirement is Arcadio Cardinal Larraona, 80, the traditionalist head of the Congregation of Rites. At the same time, Giacomo Cardinal Lercaro, 76, the Archbishop of Bologna, resigned his additional duty as head of the Council-created consilium for liturgical reform-thereby allowing the Pope to combine the two overlapping jobs and give them to another non-Italian: Benno Cardinal Gut, 70, a Swiss Benedictine abbot who favors more changes in the Mass...
...Bretton Woods, N.H., sounded as if it had been written in Cherokee. But beneath the current confusion of talk about payments balances and gold flows, just about everybody realizes that something is wrong with the international system of money and gold. The time has come, if not for sweeping reform, at least for searching reappraisal of the apparatus through which major nations finance their global trade, tourism and investment...