Word: reformations
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...Commission on Electoral College Reform, of which Freund was a member, recommended Sunday that the president and vice-president, running as a team, be elected by national popular vote with a minimum of 40 per cent required for election. If no candidate received 40 per cent, a national runoff election would be held...
Last Spring, eight tutors challenged the History Department's fabled conservatism with a fistful of reform proposals, including a system of senior seminars as alternatives to the thesis. The seminars alone were enough to make the reforms revolutionary; at Harvard, writing a thesis for honors is usually thought of as the scholastic bar mitzvah...
Armed with what one member of the group called "a surprising unanimity" among the junior faculty, the eight took their proposals before the Board of Tutors in April, and to the full Department in May. But at the Department meeting, the reform movement hit a snag. Oscar Handlin, chairman of the Department, shelved the proposals without letting any of them come to a vote and announced that he would set up a committee to study the issues the tutors had raised...
...group of educators faces tougher problems than the neglected superintendents and teachers who fight to put the "reform" into what were once called reform schools, the "training" into what are now called boys training schools. Practical pessimists who yet remain stubbornly hopeful, they take youthful lawbreakers to whom school means only pain and failure-and in less than a year they are expected to replace the pain with pleasure, provide promise for the future...
...failures." Many schools are still no different from adult prisons; even the best face shortages of good teachers and modern equipment. What is worse, nearly 35% of juvenile delinquents return to training schools for later violations-not to mention the uncounted thousands who graduate to adult prisons. Nonetheless, reform-school teachers and superintendents take solace from the fact that they have unquestionably saved some boys from life behind bars. One Warwick graduate told Superintendent Cohen that he was going to go straight and land a job driving "the biggest damn truck in the world." A few years later he drove...