Word: reformations
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...Alliance for Progress. With massive infusions of U.S. aid ($230 million since 1961), and under the steady hand of former President Alberto Lleras Camargo, the country's Liberal and Conservative parties called a truce in their senseless civil war and pushed through an impressive series of reforms. Under the current President, Guillermo León Valencia, army civic action programs and anti-guerrilla campaigns have sharply reduced poverty-fed banditry in the backlands. That is Valencia's major success. During his 31 months in office, the cost of living has risen 45% , unemployment...
...chief of the junta, "does not lure us. Only the circumstances retain us." In the 19 months since the military toppled erratic, hard-drinking Carlos Julio Arosemena, Ecuador's progress-minded soldiers have ground out hundreds of decrees organizing a civil service, setting up a land reform, revising the tax system. New industry (paint, textiles, detergents) is flowing into Quito and Guayaquil. In the highlands, where half of Ecuador's 4,700,000 people (80% of them Indian-descended) still live, some hacienda workers are paid only 50 a day, are often treated with medieval cruelty. "On many...
...have never been able to feed themselves; their country, for all the lush wheat-and wine-growing valleys, is still mostly desert and mountain that do not produce enough food for the soaring population. Like Peru's Belaunde, Chile's new President Eduardo Frei offers a vast reform program, including a landmark partnership with three U.S. companies to double copper production by 1970. Frei has suffered from a hostile lame-duck Congress in which his Christian Democrats controlled only 33 of 192 seats. "Chile," he says, "cannot wait indefinitely." And this week he went into crucial congressional elections...
Calling for Tanks. Campaigning against APRA's Haya de la Torre and ex-Dictator Odria in the 1962 elections, Belaúnde promised land reform based on expropriation of the big estates, "worker-controlled industrial cooperatives, easy loans, housing and food." He sought support from anyone he thought would give it, cheered Peru's ultranationalists with an attack on U.S.-owned oil companies, then turned around and wooed businessmen with talk of foreign investment. Opposition goons in Cuzco turned one rally into a rock fight, bloodying Belaunde's head. When the ballots were counted, Bela...
Rivers of the Montaña. One of Belaúnde's major preoccupations is agriculture. He has pushed through the country's first major agrarian reform bill, and it is one of the most sensible in Latin America. Belaúnde knows the les sons of Mexico's disastrous ejido system, does not intend to splinter the big. highly productive cotton and sugar estates into thousands of tiny plots, each barely able to support its owner. Instead he will break up only those that do not carry their weight, and satisfy the peasants' land hunger...