Word: reformations
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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Indeed an inaccurate allegation has been made which may impugn my motives. The truth is that the Ngo Dinh Diem government did not expropriate any property of mine by application of its land reform of 1956. By that time most of the land I had in excess of the allowed 247 acres had been abandoned by me and even by the peasants because of insecurity in that area of the province of Rach-Gia during the long Indo-Chinese war of 1946-54. This can be checked at the Department of Land Reform in Saigon and will give an idea...
...Agrarian reform that will provide for land expropriation and technical, economic and social support to help peasant farmers produce more...
Start a Latin American reformer talking, and he will begin reciting the region's needs almost by rote: schools, houses, hospitals - and, always, land reform. As his example of land reform, he invariably points to Mexico, where land and liberty, tierra y libertad, was the war cry of Emiliano Zapata when his peasant army sacked the giant haciendas and occupied Mexico City in the bloody 1910 revolution. In those days, 835 rich families controlled 97% of the country's cultivated land. But not for long. In 1913, leading a band of armed riders, Revolutionary Major Lucio Blanco seized...
...practice, where proper planning precedes the opening up of new, tillable land, reform has worked. At some of the large ejidos on the dry, rocky central plateaus, resettled peasants now have irrigated fields, modern machinery, new roads to market, radios and refrigerators, and tuition-free trade schools. New villages with thriving shops and markets have sprung up near the farms. The government provides low-interest loans for modern equipment and technical training. Mexican land reform, says the government, is in a "constructive phase," and since 1959 more than 26,000 people have hacked out new farms and villages on tracts...
Victims of Failure. But land reform often goes wrong. One of the early land-reforming presidents, Plutarco Elias Calles, left office in 1928 disillusioned. "Happiness of the peasants," he said, "cannot be assured by giving them a patch of land, if they lack preparation and the necessary elements to cultivate it." On uneconomic small plots carved out of land fit only for cattle-grazing or large-scale farming, peasants often fall hopelessly in debt or become victims of land speculators. Those who still use the wooden stick plows of their grandfathers can scarcely scratch out a living on plots that...