Word: reformative
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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Terror in the Cities. With "land reform" launched, Lo turned his attention to the cities. He had one piece of advice: "Two ways are open to all counterrevolutionaries : the way of death for those who resist, and the way of life for those who confess." People were told that by registering their names and stating their past misdeeds (such as having served the Nationalists), all would be forgiven...
...Reform Through Labor. A feature of Lo's system is collective responsibility and collective punishment. A neighborhood may be punished for a misdemeanor committed by one family. Fishermen are forced to guarantee each other mutually, in units of from five to 15 fishing boats. Peasants must join Peasant Associations, which are collectively responsible for the behavior of individual members. In state factories and mines, Comrade Tribunals, composed of Communist workers, conduct "cases that are of educational significance and are related to labor discipline and work regulations," i.e., workers suppress workers. At a recent mass trial at Tenckuang football field...
...background of the terrorist picture there are the forced labor camps. Why kill opponents when work can be got out of them? Like the Soviet Communists, the Chinese believe in the theory of "reform through labor." Millions, including many with "suspended death sentences," have been trucked to railroad and water conservation projects all over China and to lumber camps in Manchuria...
...that forced labor, among other things, had produced 2 billion bricks, 770 million construction tiles, 714,000 dozen pairs of socks, and 1,700,000 steam-radiator couplers. His chilling reference to the financial aspect was a classic in Marxist accountancy: "The income from production of labor service for reform during the past four years, after deducting the living costs of the criminals and the other necessary expenses incurred in the work of reform through labor, has been accumulated, in the forms of fixed capital and fluid capital, to an amount approximately equal to the expenses...
Schlesinger argued that the Republic is strong enough to withstand reform, and that "even conservatism comes in time to cherish most of the reform it has so bitterly fought...