Word: reformer
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...become valuable tools to thwart cheating; such policies should use peer pressure to make academic dishonesty shame-worthy. Honor codes that boast heavy-handed “one strike, you’re out” punishments, however, will be counterproductive to creating the necessary atmosphere to criticize and reform cheaters...
...Another factor holding back structural reform is the acknowledgement from all parties that it would almost certainly bring about lots of short-term pain, including numerous bankruptcies and high unemployment. "There's no doubt that the structure needs to be changed," says former Finance Vice Minister Sakakibara, "but people are afraid of the costs." Many Japanese wince just discussing joblessness; they speak about acquaintances who have been fired as if they'd been afflicted with a horrible disease. Many Japanese commentators claim that high unemployment is unacceptable because the nation does not have a well-developed social-welfare system...
...Furthermore, it is also widely believed that increased productivity will lead to permanently high unemployment. Economic theory (and a preponderance of historical evidence) suggests that unemployment is only a temporary consequence of reform. Higher productivity leads to lower prices, which spurs increased consumption, which requires increased production?and more jobs. Wal-Mart, for example, wiped out the American equivalent of the Nakamura store?to nationwide hand wringing?throughout the 1980s and 1990s; unemployment is lower in the U.S. today than it was then, and at 5.7% is lower than Japan's unemployment rate is now. Since 1990, according...
...word committed, of course, is the catch. When it comes to reform, the government suffers from what can be called a productivity problem of its own. On the one hand, industrial lobbies dedicated to preserving the status quo have tremendous sway over politicians. And on the other, there is no doubt that increasing competition in the domestic economy will draw what are now very abstract concepts into harsh focus at the local level, bringing high unemployment (at least in the short term) and the chance of social unrest. That is a reality that Japanese society has routinely proven willing...
Students will spend their first few weeks studying issues of housing, gang and youth violence or education reform and learning how to advocate and enact change...