Word: reigns
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...basically xenophobic, and thus susceptible to the Ayatullah's charges that the U.S. (and, of course, the CIA) was responsible for the country's ills. Iranians could also easily accept that kind of falsehood since they had grown used to living off gossip and rumor mills during the reign of the Shah, when the heavily censored press played down even nonpolitical bad news about Iran. When Khomeini declared that the Americans and Israelis were responsible for the November attack by Muslim fanatics on Mecca's Sacred Mosque, this deliberate lie was given instant credence by multitudes of Iranians...
...intermediary between God and man. Originally, the mediators were twelve imams, who Shi'ites believe were the rightful successors of the Prophet Muhammad; the twelfth disappeared in A.D. 940. He supposedly is in hiding, but will return some day to purify the religion and institute God's reign of justice on earth. This belief gives Shi'ism a strong messianic cast, to which Khomeini appeals when he promises to expel Western influence and to turn Iran into a pure Islamic society. The Ayatullah has never claimed the title of Imam for himself, but he has done nothing to discourage...
...scholars by insisting on the clergy's duty, not just to pass moral judgment on the acts of government, but to rule the state directly?a concept enshrined in the constitution that Iran adopted last month. The ideal Islamic government, Khomeini has declared many times, was the five-year reign over the Arabian peninsula of Muhammad's son-in-law Ah', who died...
...crimes of the Shah are innumerable. Even a synopsis would be too long for me to present in a single session. In the last two years of the Shah's reign alone ?when people rose to crush the imperial regime and establish an Islamic republic ?this criminal killed more than 60,000 and maimed more than 100,000 of our people. During his reign, the Shah made us economically dependent on the U.S. and turned Iran into a bankrupt state. Our industry is dependent on the West. He has destroyed our agriculture. Politically, he toed the U.S. line...
...small-acreage plots by revolutionary farm workers, and production has dropped. Elsewhere in the countryside, farmers have grabbed land belonging to "feudal lords." Ironically, some feudal families, in the name of the revolution, have forcibly reclaimed land that had been distributed to peasant farmers during the Shah's reign. To reduce urban unemployment, the new regime is pressing a "return to the village" policy, hoping to send back to the farms some of the millions of peasants who migrated to cities during the past generation...