Word: repressor
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...Harvard biologists have won the 1969 George Ledlie prize for their study of "repressor molecules" in cellular genetic function...
...repressor molecules" that Gilbert and Ptashne studied are proteins that stimulate a few of the genes in each living cell and repress the other genes. Since each cell needs only a few of its thousands of genes to be functioning at any one time, the repressors are neces- sary to turn some of the genes on and keep the rest switched...
Scientists had speculated for several years that cells must contain some repressor system, but ptashne and Gilbert were the first to show the existence of the actual protein structures. They conducted separate studies--Gilbert concentrating on bacteris, Ptashne working on viruses- and reported their results...
...UNIVERSE (ABC, 4-5 p.m.). "The Scientist" focuses on Nobel Prizewinner James D. Watson and associates as they examine the repressor molecule that controls hereditary characteristics. Repeat...
...sugar found in milk. The scientists knew that when lactose was available, the bacteria cells produced an enzyme that broke the sugar down into two simpler sugars that the cells could use. When only other nutrients were present, however, the amount of this enzyme was drastically reduced; a repressor apparently turned off the gene that controlled its production...