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...million Roman Catholics but all men. Two of his encyclicals may rank as classics, and they caught the imagination of many outside John's church. In Mater et Magistra (1961), he brought up to date the tradition of Catholic social teaching first formulated by Leo XIII in Rerum Novarum, defending both man's right to private property and the legitimacy of "socialization" for the common good. Pacem in Terris, the first encyclical addressed not just to the bishops and the faithful but to "all men of good will," was a lucid blueprint for a world of peace based...

Author: /time Magazine | Title: The Papacy: Vatican Revolutionary | 6/7/1963 | See Source »

...most important social statement of the Roman Catholic Church in recent centuries has been a document known as Rerum Novarum (Of New Things)* issued on May 15, 1891 by 81-year-old Leo XIII as a papal encyclical-an open letter to the bishops of the church. Dealing directly and forcibly with the social ills facing the world at the turn of the century, it condemned socialism as immoral but supported trade unions and higher wages, state regulation of industry and broader distribution of property and wealth. Brought up to date 40 years later by Pope Pius...

Author: /time Magazine | Title: Religion: Mater et Magistra | 7/21/1961 | See Source »

Last week, to celebrate the 70th anniversary of Rerum Novarum, Pope John XXIII issued his own social encyclical, a message firmly oriented toward the new problems of the mid-20th century. Titled Mater et Magistra (Mother and Teacher) and addressed broadly to "all Christians," it is 25,000 words long-probably the longest encyclical in history-and ranges farther and wider than either of its two predecessors. It is also more polished; John and his advisers have been tinkering with it for many months, and its publication was reportedly delayed several times for last-minute changes...

Author: /time Magazine | Title: Religion: Mater et Magistra | 7/21/1961 | See Source »

Magna Carta. Latin America's Christian Democrats share a common heritage with the powerful European Christian Democratic parties, led by Germany's Chancellor Konrad Adenauer and Italy's late Premier Alcide de Gasperi. Like the Europeans, they base their philosophy on the famed Rerum Novarum encyclical of Pope Leo XIII, issued 70 years ago and known as "the Magna Carta of Labor" because it advocated labor unions and insisted that the state guarantee to the worker a fair share of the fruits of his labors...

Author: /time Magazine | Title: The Americas: A New Political Force | 6/2/1961 | See Source »

...encyclical last week, and it proved to be a fatherly message of warning, hope and encouragement. Ad Petri Cathedram (To the Chair of Peter), the circular letter's opening words by which it will be known, is neither a trail-blazing social document (like Leo XIII's Rerum Novarum in 1891) nor a detailed doctrinal exposition (like Pius XII's Humani Generis in 1950). It is instead notable for the familiarity of its style, the range of its concern and the warmth with which it faces its subject: On Promoting-Under the Impulse of Charity-Truth, Unity...

Author: /time Magazine | Title: Religion: Ad Petri Cathedram | 7/13/1959 | See Source »

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