Word: research
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Dates: during 1940-1949
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There was another, more subtle factor. Under Chairman Lilienthal's stewardship, the U.S. atomic program had successfully made the transition from military to civilian control. Production and morale were up; personnel turnover had been reduced; scientific research had taken big strides (see SCIENCE). But with Russian possession of the bomb, new readjustments were bound to come. It was probably time for congressional re-evaluation of the Atomic Energy (McMahon) Act of 1946, for redefining problems of secrecy and military security, for clarifying the checks & balances on AEC-the "advisory" scientists, the military liaison officers, the joint congressional "watchdog" committee...
...Congress in 1946 to take over the Army's atomic energy program. The new commission inherited a uranium plant at Oak Ridge, military laboratories at Los Angeles, a research program mainly directed towards weapon development, and a small supply of atomic bombs. David E. Lilienthal was appointed chairman; the Senate confirmed his appointment after a bitter and vindictive fight...
Another of Lilienthal's problems was deciding what portion of AEC's resources should go to non-military use. An original estimate of a six-to-eight year head start in atomic bomb production allowed the AEC to go ahead with power-plant and medical research projects; intelligence reports and scientific evidence filtering out of Russia last summer indicated that the estimate was wrong. President Truman's September announcement that Russia had produced an atomic explosion fathered continuing military demands that the AEC concentrate almost entirely on making bombs and improving them. Other questions which Lilienthal worked over while...
Eugene G. Rochow, associate professor of Chemistry who came to Cambridge last year from the General Electric Research Laboratories, and his Mallinckrodt assistants are key figures in the development of such useful oddities...
Ludlow Griscom, Research Ornithologist and editor of publications in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, has resigned his post as chairman of the Division of Inland Fisheries and Game Advisory Board...