Word: research
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...human illness. Its budget is skyrocketing: from $14 million when Dr. Heller took over in 1948 to $75 million in the fiscal year just ended, to a probable $100 million in the fiscal year just begun. It musters the efforts of 675 direct employees and thousands of independent researchers through grants and contracts. NCI's budget embraces almost 80% of all U.S. outlays for cancer research. Next biggest backer: the American Cancer Society, with $9,250,000 a year...
Nature of the Beast. Research must find answers to three complex questions: 1) What is cancer and what are its causes? 2) How can it best be detected, treated and cured? 3) How can it be prevented...
Villainous Combination. Many people get cancer, but most do not. Are there no mutated cells in the systems of those who escape? Almost certainly there are, says Dr. George Moore, director of New York's Roswell Park Memorial Institute* in Buffalo, biggest of the few cancer research units operated by states. Dr. Moore has studied abnormal cells, which might well be precancerous, in the blood of apparently healthy people of all ages. His thesis: every bird, beast and man produces some such cells at all times, but the body's defenses are usually strong enough to destroy them...
...Hottest Thing. "Right now," says National Cancer Institute's Heller, "the hottest thing in cancer is research on viruses as possible causes." The Rockefeller Institute's Dr. Peyton Rous showed as long ago as 1911 (his findings were unpopular at the time) that one cancer (sarcoma) in chickens is caused and can be transmitted by a virus. Over the years, viruses were found to cause other tumors in birds and lower animals. But the gap between them and man seemed unbridgeable. Then the University of Minnesota's Dr. John J. Bittner showed that breast cancer in certain...
...Other researchers promptly tried to duplicate Gross's results. One was Dr. Sarah E. Stewart, a tall, vivacious microbiologist turned physician and working in Baltimore for the National Institutes of Health. As so often happens in medical research, she did not get what she was looking for, but she got something better. Many of the mice she injected with Gross's "leukemia virus" got solid tumors, mainly in the parotid (salivary) glands. (Dr. Heller's theory: the Gross material had contained two viruses.) Dr. Stewart teamed with the NIH's Dr. Bernice E. Eddy to grow...