Word: research
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...piece also showed how the university has become increasingly dependent on the federal government for support, how the university cannot merely kick the government off campus--because the structures that the government has helped build with research funding are all over the campus, and without federal money the entire university would collapse...
Federal funds are coming into universities today by two major routes--support for scientific research and scholarship aid. And to understand what kind of "direct control" the federal government has exerted on universities with its funding, we must understand the separate political phenomena of the two routes...
...Research money does not require a single direct authorization from Congress. It comes instead from more than a score of different agencies, which budget research and development funds for long-range goals, then distribute the funds on a project-by-project basis to whoever can do the job best. In 1968, the federal government was obliged to spend $17 billion on research and development--an eighth of the total federal budget. Only 9 per cent (or 13 per cent if university-run federal contract research laboratories are included) of this research money went to universities. The bulk...
...funds are distributed under different conditions by different agencies, to faculty members for specific projects and to individual (or occasionally groups of) universities for research centers. By this method, the universities took over 72 per cent of their total research funds in 1964 (latest Office of Education figures...
...routes involve different sets of political situations. The permanent government distributes research funds, and Congress distributes scholarship (and facility) funds. It is important to see how these two controlling powers handle the money they distribute...