Word: research
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...nature of altruism itself is the topic of increasingly sophisticated research: eventually, they may reveal how more people can be encouraged to leave the crowd and take the crucial first helpful step. Meanwhile, Latane and Darley contend that being aware of these antisocial pressures is the first step toward resisting them. Thus prepared, they contend, "we can choose to see distress and step forward to relieve...
Kamiya's experiments are typical in several respects of all autonomic-research methods, which employ what is known as operant conditioning or instrumental learning. A monitoring device (Kamiya frequently uses an electroencephalograph) is attached to a subject, who is told that a tone will sound when he is in a certain "state" and that the tone should sound for as long as possible. But the subject is not told the nature of the state, or how to attain...
Learned Response. Dr. Peter Lang, research professor of psychology at the University of Wisconsin, has applied autonomic learning to control the human heart rate. Attached to a monitor, a subject is told to watch a TV-like screen and to make the moving lines on it shorter, corresponding to a slower heart rate. Without any conscious effort or muscle tensing, the lines shorten, the rate slows, the subject becomes able, as Lang puts it, "to drive his own heart." Lang has not probed for an explanation beyond showing that the changing heart rate is indeed a learned response. The unconscious...
...Another researcher, Dr. David Shapiro of the Harvard Medical School, has trained subjects to raise and lower their blood pressure in response to a tone feedback. Shapiro is hopeful that persons suffering from chronic high blood pressure may one day learn to lower it at will, but clearly much more will have to be known about the autonomic system itself. Theoretically, man may someday be able to control his internal processes to relieve insomnia, regulate constipation and improve sexual response. But, warns Dr. Neal E. Miller of Rockefeller University, who has done much of the seminal research to date...
Consumers are gloomy, too. The University of Michigan's Survey Research Center found in its second-quarter study that an overwhelming 77% of consumers expect prices to rise as rapidly or even more rapidly in the next year as in the past twelve months. The Center found no confidence that higher interest rates would curb inflation. George Katona, director of the survey, noted that earlier questioning showed many consumers expressing confidence that Nixon could bring inflation under control. His interpretation of the new findings: "The Nixon honeymoon is over...