Word: research
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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Large technology-based firms like IBM and Bell Labs are also sinking megabucks into research. Bell Labs will spend $1 billion on research this year, with large amounts going to develop fiber optics -systems that carry information in rays of light traveling through slender glass fibers rather than in electric currents moving through bulky cables. IBM's research budget this year will be $1.25 billion, and the company has become the first to master the mass production of a silicon memory chip small enough to pass through the eye of a needle yet able to store 64,000 bits...
Even some of the "defensive research" is starting to pay off. Last week the 3M Co. introduced a lithograph printing plate that uses nonpolluting tap water instead of chemical developers to produce an image. General Motors' new zinc-nickel oxide battery pack-which can be completely recharged 300 times and will power a car for 100 miles-cost $33 million and took ten years to develop, but it has now opened up for the first time the possibility of a practical, mass-produced electric...
...involved in today's innovative process," concedes Richard A. Meserve, policy analyst for the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy. In the past three years President Carter has shifted the balance of federal R. and D. spending, which this year will total $30 billion, toward basic research. Carter this month will also present the results of a 20-month Commerce Department study on innovation. Presidential recommendations are expected to include modifications of patent and antitrust laws to protect inventors and encourage joint developments, tax breaks for small innovative businesses, and the creation of cooperative technology centers...
...spending even more than he raised. Not on himself; his oddball personal habits were far from extravagant. But no sum was too great to lavish on his laboratories; Edison ordered the most expensive materials on earth, like platinum, by the pound. He was also the creator of the modern research and development lab, which he called an "invention factory." He was the first to hire a team of scientists and technicians and set them to work systematically producing innovations. But his inability to stay within a budget would speedily get him fired from any corporate lab today, if his spectacular...
They had never met, never corresponded. But on opposite sides of the Atlantic, U.S. Physicist Allan Cormack, 55, of Tufts University, and Research Engineer Godfrey Hounsfield, 60, of the British firm EMI Ltd., brooded over the same mathematical puzzle and independently reached the same solution. The puzzle: how to produce an X-ray image of tissue at any depth within a patient. The result: the CAT (for computerized axial tomography) scanner, a medical marvel now used in hospitals round the world. Last week the two scientists learned that they have something else in common: they will share the 1979 Nobel...